The human body is made up of many different cell types, each with specialized functions. These cells make up our tissues and organs which keep the human body functioning. All of these cells originate from stem cells.

Stem cells are self-renewing and can differentiate into many other cell types:

Renewal: A stem cell is capable of dividing indefinitely.

Differentiation: Is the process through which a cell undergoes changes in gene expression to obtain specific characteristics that allow it to perform specialized functions.

Originally, scientist thought that stem cells were only found in the early embryo, but over the last decades it has become apparent that these remarkable cells are also found in (all or many) adult tissues. 1.Mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）are multipotent adult stem cells that are present in multiple tissues, including umbilical cord, bone marrow and fat tissue.

• MSCs are responsible for maintaining our organs in optimal health and offer the potential to stimulate repair and regeneration of failing organs due to disease, ageing or trauma.
• MSCs offer great therapeutic promise for a diverse range of medical applications.
• MSCs can be derived from different tissues of the body including bone marrow, blood, fat, dental pulp, placenta, liver and other tissues.
• MSCs can propagate and be maintained in culture for long periods of time with minimal changes in their capacity to proliferate and differentiate.
• MSCs of different origins have different capabilities in terms of their number, ability to differentiate and ability to proliferate.
• The most studied of MSCs are those isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissues.
• MSCs are rare in bone marrow – constituting only 0.002% of total stromal cell population.

In SVF obtained from adipose tissue MSCs constitute nearly 2% of the cell population. This makes fat the most versatile source of stem cells. It means that there are 100-1000 times more stem cells in fat than bone marrow.